An Introduction to the Human Body Test 1 Essays

An Introduction to the Human Body Test 1 Essays An Introduction to the Human Body Test 1 Essay An Introduction to the Human Body Test 1 Essay SWTJC 2401 Lecture Exam Review 1 Part 1 Multiple Choice Questions Part 2 Short answer questions Part 3 Crtical thinking questions Chapter 1. An Introduction to the Human Body 1. This is the study of the functions of body structures. a. Physiology 2. This is defined as a group of cells with similar structure and function. b. Tissue 3. Using your fingers to find your pulse on your wrist is an example of c. Palpation 4. Percussion techniques can be used to determine d. Fluid in the lungs 5. This is the sum of all cellular processes that occur in the body. e. Metabolism 6. This is the regulation of body conditions within normal limits. f. Homeostasis 7. The systems that provide homeostasis are: g. Nervous system and Endocrine 8. This body fluid directly affects the proper functioning of cells. h. Interstitial fluid 9. This is the structure of a feedback system that receives output from the control center. i. Effector 10. This is the structure of a feedback system that provides input to the control center. j. Receptor 11. A condition NOT regulated by a negative feedback loop would be: k. Childbirth 12. This is a change in body function that can be measured objectively. l. Sign 13. In which cavity is the brain located? m. Cranial cavity 14. In which cavity are the lungs located? n. Pleural cavity 15. In which cavity is the stomach located? o. Abdominal cavity 16. This cavity is inferior to the abdominopelvic cavity. p. Pelvic cavity 17. Which cavity would include the heart? q. Pericardial cavity 18. The function of the secretions of the serous membrane is to: r. Reduce friction between organs 19. This plane divides the body into right and left halves. s. Sagittal 20. This plane divides the body into anterior and posterior halves. t. Frontal 21. A transverse plane will cut a body or organ into . Superior and inferior 22. This directional term means farthest from the midline. v. Lateral 23. This directional term means farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk or farther from the origination of a structure. w. Distal 24. This directional term is the opposite of deep. x. Superficial 25. Choose the directional term that would make the sentence correct. The heart is _____ to the liver. y. Superior 26. Choose the directional term that would make the sentence correct: The sternum is ____ to the heart. z. Anterior 27. Which of the following organs is not found in the abdominal cavity? {. Diaphragm 28. This covers the viscera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities and lines the walls of the thorax and abdomen. |. Serous membrane Chapter 2. The Chemical Level of Organization 1. What are the major elements found in the body? a. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen 2. The subatomic particles that make up atoms include: b. Protons, neutrons, electrons 3. Which of the following particles has a neutral charge? c. Neutron 4. What region of an atom contains the protons and neutrons? d. Nucleus 5. This is the number of protons or electrons. e. Atomic number 6. As an atoms nucleus decays, it will emit radiation. This is seen in f. Isotopes 7. This refers to the atomic weight of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element. g. Atomic mass 8. Which of the following particles plays a role in creating chemical bonds? h. Electron 9. This is a negatively charged atom. i. Ion 10. Which of the below provide an electrical current?. j. Electrolyte 11. This type of bond requires a sharing of electrons. k. Covalent 12. This is the type of bond between the atoms forming water l. Polar covalent 13. Which of the following bonds provides the three dimensional structure of large molecules like proteins and DNA? m. n. Hydrogen 14. This occurs when new bonds form or old bonds break between atoms. o. Chemical reaction 15. This is defined as the capacity to do work. p. Energy 16. This type of reaction will absorb more energy that it releases. q. Endergonic 17. An enzyme acts to r. Lower the activation energy needed 18. This type of reaction will combine reactants to produce larger products. s. Synthesis 19. This type of reaction will break larger reactants to produce smaller products. t. Decomposition 20. This is the most abundant and most important inorganic compound in the body. u. Water 21. A solute that dissolves in water is. v. Hydrophillic 2. In a typical body solution, the solvent is. w. Water 23. A solution with a pH value smaller than 7 would be a(n) c. Acid 24. A substance that adds or removes Hydrogen ions from a solution is a(n) e. buffer 25. Which of the following is considered a proton donor? x. Acid 26. These are specific arrangements of atoms that confer characteristic chemical properties upon org anic molecules. y. Functional groups 27. Glucose and fructose both have the chemical formula C6H12O6 so they are considered z. Isomers 28. Which of the following is a monosaccaride that is important in producing energy. {. Glucose 29. The major energy storage polysaccharide in humans is |. Glycogen 30. This type of triglyceride contains more than one double bond in the fatty acid carbon atoms. }. Polyunsaturated 31. This type of lipid is the body’s long term energy storage molecule. ~. Triglyceride 32. This type of lipid is used by the body to create hormones. . Triglyceride 33. Which of the following is NOT true about phospholipids? ?. They are a major energy storage lipid 34. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are considered: ?. Amphipathic ?. Both Lipids and Eicosanoids ?. Eicosanoids ?. All of the above Ans: D 35. The primary structure of a protein contains ?. Amino acids 36. Which of the following is a purine? ?. Guanine 37. Which is the function of RNA? ?. transfer information for protein synthesis 38. Which is the function of DNA? ?. store information for protein synthesis 39. Which is the function of ATP? ?. Transfers energy for cell functions 40. What monomer is used to build RNA and DNA? ?. nucleotide Chapter 3. The Cellular Level of Organization 1. What are the three main parts of a eukaryotic cell? a. Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus 2. Plasma membranes consist of what three components? b. Proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol 3. What are the nonpolar parts of a phospholipid? . Tail group 4. This is the only polar portion of a cholesterol molecule and it forms hydrogen bonds with the polar heads of phospholipids. d. –OH group 5. This type of membrane protein will extend throughout the entire membrane touching both the Intracellular fluid and the Extracellular fluid. e. Integral proteins f. Transmembrane proteins g. Integra l proteins and Transmembrane proteins Ans: D 6. This portion of the cell membrane enables cell membranes to produce chemical products. . h. Enzymes 7. Which of the following is a function of a membrane protein that binds with hormones and neurotransmitters? . Receptors 8. This type of membrane protein helps to anchor proteins in the plasma membrane of neighboring cells to one another. j. Linkers 9. The characteristic of plasma membranes allowing only some substances to move through is known as†¦ k. Selective permeability 10. Which of the following does NOT influence the rate of diffusion? l. Amount of ATP available 12. This is a measure of a solutions ability to change the volume of cells by altering their water content. d. Pressure 11. This is the transport process by which gases move through a membrane. m. Simple diffusion 12. In this type of transport process a solute, like Glucose, binds to a specific transporter protein on one side of the membrane and is released on the other side after the transporter protein undergoes a change in shape. n. Facilitated diffusion 13. In this transport process, the energy from hydrolysis of ATP is used to drive substances across the membrane against their own concentration gradients. o. Primary active transport 14. If the solute concentration is greater in the solution on the inside of the cell, compared to the solute concentration of the solution that is outside the cell, then what direction will water move? . into the cell 15. In this transport process, the energy stored in Na+ or H+ concentration gradient is used to drive other substances across the membrane against their own concentration gradients. q. Secondary active transport 16. This is a transport process by which cells secrete materials, within vesicles, into the extracellular fluid. r. Exocytosis 17. This is a transport process by which cells take up extracellular substances within vesicles.. s. Endocytosis 18. This is an extension of the plasma membrane that will surround a particle outside the cell forming a vesicle. . Pseudopod 19. The function of the cytosol is. u. Location of chemical reactions 20. These perform special functions in cellular growth, maintenance and reproduction. v. organelles 21. This organelle is comprised of microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules. w. cytoskeleton 22. This is comprised of a pair of centrioles and pericentriolar materials. x. centrosome 23. One type of human cell (spermatozoa) is capable of movement because it has this type of microtubule. y. flagella 24. This organelle contains ribosomes, which synthesis proteins z. ough endoplasmic reticulum 25. This is an organelle that modifies proteins produced elsewhere. {. Golgi body 26. These are small flattened curved membranous sacs with bulging edges. |. cisternae 27. Which organelle oxid izes organic molecules? }. peroxisomes 28. Which organelle recycles worn out organelles? ~. lysosomes 29. Proteasomes . Degrade faulty cellular proteins 30. Mitochondria ?. generate ATP 31. Which of the following protects the contents of the nucleus? ?. nuclear membrane 32. What is the major function of a histone protein? ?. Help organize coiling of DNA 33. This is a long molecule of DNA that contains genes-there are 46 in each body cell. ?. chromosome 34. This is the set of rules that, relating the base triplet sequence of DNA to the corresponding codons of RNA, specifies a sequence of amino acids. ?. genetic code 35. This binds to an amino acid and holds it in place on a ribosome until it is incorporated into a protein during translation. ?. DNA 36. This portion of a DNA segment does not code for a protein. ?. Intron 37. This process is division of the cytoplasm. ?. cytokinesis 38. During which phase do organelles duplicate and centrosome replication begin? . Interphase 39. Normally how long does the G2 phase last? ?. 4-6 hours 40. During this phase the chromatin fibers condense and shorten into chromosomes that are visible under the microscope. ?. Prophase 41. The function of mitosis is e. production of new cells 42. During this phase a cleavage furrow forms. ?. Anaphase Chapter 4. The Tissue Level of Organization 1. Which of the fol lowing is not one of the main tissue types found in the human body? a. myocardial 2. This type of cell junction anchors adjacent cells and resists their separation during contractile activities. b. adherens and desmosome 3. This is a thin extracellular layer, that commonly consists of basal lamina and reticular lamina, that is found in epithelial tissues. c. basement membrane 4. Epithelial tissue d. All of the above 5. This tissue is found lining the heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. e. Simple squamous epithelial 6. This tissue forms the most superficial layer of the skin. f. Stratified squamous epithelial 7. This tissue forms glands. g. Stratified cuboidal epithelial 8. This tissue lines the respiratory tract and the fallopian tubes. h. Simple columnar epithelial 9. Where is it most likely to find transitional epithelial cells? . Urinary bladder 10. These are categorized by whether the ducts are branched or unbranched. j. Multicellular glands 11. This type of multicellular gland branching has a rounded secretory part attached to a single unbranched duct and is found mainly in sebaceous glands. k. Simple branched acinar 12. Simple tubular multicellular branching has l. The tubular secretory po rtion straight and attaches to a single unbranched duct. 13. How are exocrine glands classified? m. Based on how they synthesize their secretion 14. This type of exocrine gland accumulates their product in their cytosol. n. Holocrine 15. In connective tissue, the matrix consists of o. Protein fibers and ground substance 16. Connective tissues do NOT include p. Liver cells 17. This component of connective tissue is found between the cells and fibers and is used for support and as a medium for chemical reactions. q. Ground substance 18. Common polysaccharides found in ground substance include r. Hyaluronic acid 19. Which fibers are seen in embedded in the matrix of connective tissue? s. Elastic t. Reticular u. Collagen v. All of the above Ans: D 20. Reticular fibers help form this, which is used as a supporting framework for many soft organs. . Stroma 21. Which of the following is classified as loose connective tissue? x. Areolar connective tissue 22. Where is the most common location for adipose tissue? y. Subcutaneous layer deep to skin 23. Dense connective tissues main function is z. Strong attachment between structures 24. This type of connective tissue is used mainly for support within the skeletal system. {. Fibr ocartilage 25. What is the basic unit of compact bone tissue? |. osteon 26. Spongy bone lacks }. Osteons 27. The matrix in blood tissue is ~. Platelets 28. What is NOT an epithelial membrane in the human body? . Endocardium membrane 9. This type of membrane lines a body cavity that does NOT open directly to the outside. ?. Serous 30. These are immature, undifferentiated cells that can divide to replace lost or damaged cells. ?. Stem cells 31. Which of the below tissues is responsible for pumping blood? a. c. cardiac muscle 32. Which of the below tissues is small, spindle shaped and found in the walls of hollow organs? b. smooth muscle 33. Which of the below tissues has more than one nucleus and is voluntary? a. skeletal muscle 59. Which cells are excitable and, therefore, able to carry electrical impulses? a. muscular and nervous